Chapter Two - Part Five

 

אֵיפֹה, לְאן-    WORDS ASKING ABOUT LOCATION AND DESTINATION - 2.11

Learn two Hebrew words for "where": אֵיפֹה and לְאן. 

אֵיפֹה is used when asking where something or someone is located.

לְאן is used when asking about a destination.

 ?אֵיפֹה אתְ?    אֵיפֹה אתה -  Where are you? -  2.11.1

 2.11.1  בּ  But first, a short introduction to the prefix   

The prefix בּ can mean in, at, on, depending on the context. בּ - /bah/ includes the definite article "the" (in the,  at the, etc.).  (A word of explanation: The word prefix refers to a word or letters that are attached at the beginning of a word. For example, in English the word "uneven" (meaning not even) has a prefix "un."

The prefix  בְּ   - (beh) means ,in a,, ,on a,, ,at a" .   As  a prefix  it is attached to the word--never separate from it.

You will not always see the דגַש (dot)  in this prefix, but since the  בּ  is at the beginning of a word it is always  pronounced with the /b/ sound.

(Note: This prefix can also be used for the meaning "with a" or "with the" but that meaning is not part of this lesson about answering questions related to אֵיפֹה or לְאן)

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Examples of use of the prefix בּ

He is in Tel Aviv                      . הוּא בְּתֵל־אביב

I'm at the university           : אני בּאוּניברסיטה  

הוא בּאופֶּרה                           He is at the opera

המוּזיאון בְּירוּשלים The museum is in Jerusalem

    Reminder: the prefix ה  is attached to a word which would be preceded with the word "the" in English - "the ____ . For example: "the theater" is in Jerusalem. 

 התֵיאטְרון בְּירוּשלים 

 

2.11.1.2  תרגיל: תירגוּם

The vocabulary listed below uses words borrowed from English. Read them (out loud) and decide their meaning from the way they sound.

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תֵיאטְרון        קפֶטֶרְיָה        אופֶּרה        מוּזֵיאון        קונְצֶרט

How would you say these sentences in Hebrew?    Hint: If ב means "in the" or," at the",  then it should be read בַּ but if the בּּ  means "in a", "at a"   then it should be read בְּ

אֵיפֹה אתה?,   אֵיפֹה את?,     אֵיפֹה הוּא?,     אֵיפֹה היא?  

1. I am at the museum.     ____________________________________________

2. I am in the theater.     ____________________________________________

3. The opera is in Eilat (אילת).    ____________________________________________

4. The teacher is at a museum.    ____________________________________________

5. The museum is in Tel Aviv.    ____________________________________________

6. You (f) are in a cafeteria.     ____________________________________________

7.  He's at a concert.    ____________________________________________

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  לְאן - Answer the question in Hebrew -  2.11.2

   ל   A short introduction to the prefix 2.11.2.1

The prefix ל can mean to when answering questions using לְאן,  i.e. "to what place"?

ל /lah/ includes the definite article "the" i.e. "to the".

לְ means "to a".

לְאן?   לְבְּאֵר שֶבע?  לְאשְדוד?    לֹא, רינה הלְכה לתֵיאטרון.

 2.11.2.2  -  תרגיל תירגוּם

 

Example: Where did you go? ("to what place?) -   ?לְאן הלכתָ?    לְאן הלכתְ

Example: He went to a concert. הוּא הלך לְקונְצֶרט

(Note: You should be able to figure out how to change the citation (base) form  "הוּא הלך"  to the correct form for     " ________  אני"  for sentences one and two below.     Notice that in the example above for "Where did you go" you find the correct form of the verb for "you went"  even though we would translate   לְאן הלכְתָ  as "where did you go?". 

1. I went to a museum.   ____________________________________________________

2. I went to the theater.    ____________________________________________________

3. You (m) went to a cafeteria.    ____________________________________________________

4. She went to a university in Haifa.    ____________________________________________________

5. He went to an opera in New York.    ____________________________________________________

6. You (f) went to a theater.    ____________________________________________________

Remember that the pronouns הוּא and היא must be included with the verb in a sentence. Including the pronouns אני, את, אתה is optional.

 

 

 

 

 

 

אֵיפֹה היֶלֶד?

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סיכּוּם: מה למדת?

Explain the difference between the question words: אֵיפֹה, לְאן 

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 דוּ־שׂיחַ  -  A Short Dialog  2.11.2.3

נעמה: שלום יואב, מה שלומְךָ

יואב: טוב תודה. לְאן הלכְת אֶתְמול?

נעמה: הלכְתי לְיד ושֵם.

יואב: איפֹה זה?

נעמה: בִירוּשליִם, בּהר הרְצֶל.

            לְאן אתה  הלכְת?                       

יואב: הלכְתי לתֵיאטְרון עם הדוד שלי.

נעמה: אוי - יֵש לי שיעוּר עכְשיו, להתראות.

יואב: להתראות.

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 תרגיל היגוּי -  PRONUNCIATION DRILL /ee/  2.12

Listen and Repeat Your Instructor or the audio will model the Hebrew word first. You should try to imitate that pronunciation. . As you pronounce Hebrew words remember that the Hebrew vowels must not sound like English vowels.

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The pronunciation of Hebrew /ih/ is midway between the /i/ of the English word "pill" and the /ee/ of "peel." Be sure not to say "peel" or "pill" when you say פיל
Listen to the difference between these pairs of English and Hebrew words.

פיל     גיל     בימה     קילו 

גיר      סיר    כּביר

 

 היגוּי    ֵ   ֶ  -  The sound of Hebrew /eh/  2.12.1

The sound of Hebrew /eh/ is midway between the "e" of "pen" and the "ai " "pain."  
Listen to the difference between these pairs of English and Hebrew words.

Listen and Repeat!

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פֶּן           כֵּן           תֵן         אֵל

רֵיק       שֵם      לֵךְ           מֵת

 

2.13 דיקלוּם Sentences to Recite and Write from Memory

It is important to build a repertoire of useful Hebrew phrases that you can produce without hesitation and that just flow automatically. Below are some expressions to add to your repertoire.

Some of these sentences use the "present tense" which you haven't learned yet. For now, you will be memorizing these short phrases since they are very useful.

עבודה בקבוצות

Write a short skit using at least eight of the phrases below. You can use some English in your skit.  Name your characters, Use some of the words for locations you learned in the precedeing exercises in your dialogue.  (You are not expected to know the grammatical forms in these phrases. Just be able to use them in appropriate situations.)

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1. למדְתי עבְרית באוּניבֶרסיטה 1. I learned Hebrew at the university
2. אני מְדבֵּר ( מְדבֶּרֶת ) עבְרית. 2. I speak Hebrew
3. אני לׂא מְדבֵּר (מְדבֶּרֶת) עִבְרית 3. I don't speak Hebrew.
4. דבֵּר ( דבְּרי ) לְאט בְּבקשה. 4. Speak slowly please.
5. תכּיר (תכּירי) בּבקשה אֶת 5. I'd like you to meet.
6. אני לׂא יודֵעַ (יודעת). 6. I don't know.
7. סְליחה, לׂא הֵבנְתי. 7. Excuse me, I didn't understand.
8. בִּרְצינוּת! בִּרְצינוּת? 8. Seriously?
9. אני רוצֶה לִשְתות מַיִם 9. I want a drink of water.
10. מה חדש? 10. What's new?
11. אֵין חדש! 11.There's nothing new!
12. יֵש לי שְאֵלה. 12. I have a question.
13. אֵיך אומְרים בְּעִבְרית? 13. How do you say ___ in Hebrew
14. מה זֶה? 14. What's this?

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2.14  בִּנְיין פָעַל   - זמן עבר

The Hebrew verb system can be organized into groups of verbs that have the same pattern.  We give names to each of these groups. We will learn more about these verb groups and their names in later chapters.  All of the verbs that you have studied so far belong to a group that is named פעל.   They are  verb forms for the past tense of the group named פעל   .

You have learned the verb forms for the  singular pronouns  אני, אתה, את, הוּא, היא  so far. Now you will learn the pronouns for plural forms of the verbs. Here are the Hebrew words for these pronouns.

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2.14 שְמות הגוּף Plural Forms of Subject Pronouns

We (masculine and Feminine) אנחַנוּ
You (masculine) אַתֶּם
You (feminine אַתֶּן
They (masculine) הֵם
They (feminine) הֵן

 

 

טבְלת פעלים --בנְיין פעל  -  Verb Chart -  2.14.2

Now study the verb forms below.  In the first column you see your citation, or base form for  הוּא  .  In the next columns you will see the way the verbs are used  in their plural forms. Notice that the masculine and feminine forms are the same for  אֲנַחְנוּ .  The plural forms for  הֵן    הֵם   are the same for both the  masculine and feminine verbs

   

בנְיין פעל --רבּים     Two - Syllable Verbs
הֵן הֵם אַתֶּן אַתֶּם אֲנַחְנוּ הוּא
לָמְדוּ למְדוּ לַָמַדְתֶּן לָמַדְתֶּם לָמַדְנוּ לַָמד
יָדְעוּ יָדְעוּ יָדַעְתֶּן יָדַעְתֶּם יָדַעְנוּ יָדַע
כָּתְבוּ כָּתְבוּ כָּתַבְתֶּן כָּתַבְתֶּם כָּתַבְנוּ כָּתַב
שָכְחוּ שָכְחוּ שָכַחְתֶּן שָכַחְתֶּם שָכַחְנוּ שָכַח

2.14.2.1 בנְיין פעל-- טבְלת פעלים Verb Chart

Notice that there are three (3) possible translations for each of the forms in the list below!  So, כּתבְתי can mean either "I wrote" or "I did write" or "I was writing"--ALL IN ONE HEBREW WORD.    For now, it's enough to just get familiar with the verbs listed below. Concentrate on the connection between the ENDING of each verb and the connection with the pronoun that goes with it. So, for example,  the verb ending תִי goes with אני

Note: When referring to a group of people of both genders in the plural forms (you, they), the masculine pronouns and verb forms are used (אתֶם, הֵם).

Remember - There are three possible English translations for each form of a Hebrew verb. You can use the verb כּתב as your פָעַל   model for other verbs whose citation (base) form has the same vowel sequence.   (For example: "learned" למד )

In the list below the כּ   does not always have a דגֵש (dot) in it. At the beginning of a word it is ALWAYS pronounced with the /k/ sound, with or without a דגֵש in it.

פָעַל   -   Past Tense for verb pattern   

   

 I wrote, did write, was writing

אֲנִי כָּתַ֫בְתִי

You (masc. sing.) wrote, did write, were writing

אַתָה כָתַ֫בְתָ

You (fem. Sing.) wrote, did write, were writing

אַתְ כָתַ֫בְתְ

He wrote, did write, was writing

הוּא כָתַב

She wrote, did write, was writing

הִיא כָתְבָה

We wrote, did write, were writing

אֲנַחְנוּ כָתַ֫בְנוּ

 You (masc. pl.) wrote, did write, were writing

* אַתֶם כָתַ֫בְתֶם

 You (fem. pl.) wrote, did write, were writing

* אַתֶן כָתַ֫בְתֶן

 They (masc. pl.) wrote, did write, were writing

הֵם כָתְבוּ

 they (fem. pl.) wrote, did write, were writing

הֵן כָתְבוּ

 

In formal Hebrew these forms are כְתַבְתֶ֫ן and כְתַבְתֶ֫ן with the accent on the last syllable. (The red mark indicates the accented syllable סֵ֫פֶר)

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 למלא את החסר -  Fill in the blanks -  2.14.3

Fill in the past tense forms for the Hebrew verbs below. Write in the vowels, matching your model verb from above. Write in the correct English translation (learned, forgot, knew, etc.) on the lines provided.

למד  ________ הם  ________ היא   ________     הן  ________

(s)he ___________________________________

שכח  ________ הם ________  היא    ________  הן    ________

((s)he ___________________________________

ידע  ________  הם  ________ היא  ________     הן

(s)he ___________________________________

גר  ________   הם  ________ היא  ________   הן

(s)he ___________________________________

למד  ________   אתה  ________   אתם   ________

את    ________    אתן     ________

אֲנִי  ________     אֲנַחְנוּ   ________

שכח  ________ אתה  ________   אתם  ________

את   ________    אתן  ________

אֲנִי  ________     אֲנַחְנוּ   ________

ידע  ________ אתה  ________    אתם ________

את  ________    אתן   ________

אֲנִי   ________   אֲנַחְנוּ   ________

גר  ________  אתה  ________     אתם   ________

את   ________   אתן   ________

אֲנִי ________     אֲנַחְנוּ   ________

 

 אנשים שֶיודְעים עִברית  - The World of Hebraists   2.14.4

Can you read the Hebrew paragraph below? It uses words you may not have heard yet. However, using the general summary that follows and working with hunches, you can figure out the general meaning of the passage. Give it a try!

Throughout the world there are people who have various levels of Hebrew knowledge. Some can speak; others only read Hebrew. Though their reasons for acquiring the language differ, as well as the ways they have learned their Hebrew, they all have a living connection with each other and with Israel, the center of Hebrew language and culture.

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בְכל העולם יֵש אנשים (people) שֶיודְעים עִבְרית.  יֵש אנשים שֶרק כותְבים עבְרית. הֵם לא מְדבְּרים עִברית.

הרְבֵּה אנשים למְדוּ עבְרית כי הֵם רוצים לקְרוא אֶת התנ"ךְ (the Bible). יֵש אנשים שֶרוצים לשיר שירים בְעבְרית. יֵש אנשים שֶלמְדו עבְרית בישְׂראֵל. גם אִם הֵם לא בישְׂראֵל עכְשיו, יש להֶם קֶשֶר (they have a connection) עִם ישְׂראֵל. יֵש להֶם קֶשֶר גם עִם כל האנשים בעולם שֶיודְעים קְצת עבְרית.

All (over) the world there are people that know Hebrew.
There are people that only write Hebrew. They don't speak Hebrew.
Many people learned Hebrew because they want to read the Bible.
There are people that want to sing songs in Hebrew.
There are people that learned Hebrew in Israel. Even if they are not in Israel now, they have a connection with Israel.
They have a connection with all the people in the world that know a little Hebrew too.

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