Key to Modern Hebrew

Chapter Two - Part Four
2.9.2 כמה יֵש - Counting Things מי יודֵעַ לִסְפּור מֵאחת עד עֶשֶׂר? Be sure to respond with a complete sentence ?כמה יֵש 1. How many students (f) are in the class? יש ______סטוּדנְטִיות בּכּיתה 2. How many women are in the picture יש ______נשים בּתמוּנה 3. How many girls are in the picture? יש ______יְלדות בּתמוּנה 4. How many young women are in the picture? יש ______בנות בּתמוּנה 5. Can you write down your telephone number using the Hebrew words for the numbers? ________________________ 2.9.3 מה השעה? - What time is it? Use with the Software Chapter 2 Drill3 "Telling Time in Hebrew" For now we will only tell time for the quarter hour, half hour, or hour. When you answer the question. ?מה השעה You don't have to say the word "השעה" ("the hour"). Look in the boxes below the clocks for options.. 100.00 % Remember to use the feminine gender for numbers when telling time. 89
2.9.4 תרגיל: מה השעה? What time is it? Now look at the clocks below and write in words in Hebrew the time you see on the face of each clock. 2.10 הפועל בעברית USING VERBS IN HEBREW Use with the Software Chapter 2:8 "Past Tense Verbs and Pronouns" Hebrew has ten subject pronouns. In this list you see the forms that your instructor has already been using in class. They are the singular forms. 100.00 % שְמות הגוּף- (יחיד) אֲנִִי I אתה (you (masculine אתְ (you (feminine הוּא he הִיא she 2.10.1 צוּרת יסוד - The Citation Form of the Verb - When we refer to a verb, we will usually "cite" it (refer to it) using the Hebrew verb-form that we would use with the pronoun "he" הוּא This form is called the citation form. For example, he studied — הוּא למד. Here, למד is the citation form. It can be considered the base form of a verb.. Read on . . . . 90
2.10.2 התְאמה - Subject-Verb Agreement in the Past Tense Subject-Verb Agreement in the Past Tense for one and two syllable verbs In the past tense there is a separate form for each pronoun. Look at the vowels of the citation (base) form for each of the verbs below. Do you notice any similarities? Study the examples below for the pronouns הוּא and אני. Are there similarities in the vowels of the different verbs you see below for אני ? Try to create the rule for forming the past tense form of the verb למד when used with אני . As you can see from these examples, you don't have to say אני to understand who the verb is referring to. 100.00 %
				CITATION (base) FORM
	Two - Syllable Verbs
למדְתִי עִבְרית	אני למדְתִי			הוּא למד			למד ( ל + מד )
ידעְתִי עבְרית	אני ידעְתי			הוּא ידע			ידע ( י + דע)
כתבְתי מיכְתב	אני כּתבְתי			הוּא כּתב			כּתב ( כּ + תַב )
שכחְתי עברית	אני שכחְתי			הוּא שכח			שכח ( ש + כח)

One - Syllable Verbs
גרְתי בְתֵל־אביב		אני גרְתי		הוּא גר		גר

אני - Study how the verbs are formed in the sentences below: הוּא למד He studied אני למדְתִי עִבְרית I studied Hebrew למדְתִי עִבְרית I studied Hebrew הוּא ידע He knew אני ידעְתי עבְרית I knew Hebrew ידעְתִי עבְרית I knew Hebrew הוּא כָתַב אני כּתבְתי מיכְתב לְאבּא I wrote a letter to Dad כתבְתי מיכְתב לְאבּא I wrote a letter to Dad הוּא שָכח He forgot כבר שכַחְתי עברית I already forgot Hebrew הוּא גָר He lived אני גרְתי בְתֵל־אביב I lived in Tel Aviv גרְתי בְתֵל־אביב I lived in Tel Aviv 91
Observations Look carefully at the vowels of the verbs in the four examples above. Notice how the vowel patterns before the suffix* (ending)* are the same for "first-person singular" = "I" and the "third-person singular" = "he" in the case of each verb. There is a pattern למד למדְתִי /lah/ /mah/ or /ah/ /ah/. Now say out loud these words : כּתב כּתבְתי שכח שכַחְתי As stated above, you do not need to use the pronoun אני with the verb because the ending - תי tells you what the pronoun is. However the 3rd person pronouns הוּא, היא are usually included when a noun subject is not specificed (for example: Dan said hello. instead of "he" said hello.) CORRECT: He said hello הוא אמר שלום She said hello היא אמְרה שלום NOT CORRECT: : אמְרה שלום or אמר שלום. Masculine or feminine, the verb form for אני is the same in Hebrew. 2.10.3 הוּא, היא, אתה, את- זמן עבר - Past Tense, Second Person and Third Person Use with the Software Chapter 2:9 "Dictation: Past Tense Verbs" You MUST listen to the audio first to be able to figure out the rules asked for below! How do you read the past tense verbs for אתה \את or היא \ הוּא? Read the explanation below, and then listen to theaudio for the sentences below. Then read them out loud to check if you did it correctly IMPORTANT! for both "you" masculine אתה and" you" feminine את the last letter of the verb (past tense) will be a ת . But - for the masculine form of the verb the ת is pronounced /tah/ . For the feminine form ת is pronounced / t/. There will be no vowel sign given under the ת so you just have to know this. It is easy to remember because the pronunciation of the words אתה and את give you the clue. 100.00 % Past Tense: Second Person = "you " אַתָה \ אַת Third Person = "she" הִיא \ "he" הוּא
למדְת			אַת	לָמַדְת	אַתָה
כּתַבְת			אַת	כּתַבְת	אַתָה
ידַעְת			אַת	ידַעְת	אַתָה
גרְת			אַת	גרְת	אַתָה

למְדה			הִיא	למד	הוּא
כּתְבה			הִיא	כתב	הוּא
ידְעה			הִיא	ידע	הוּא
גרה			הִיא	גר	הוּא

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Here are some sample sentences. Listen to the audio and then read the sentences out loud. 100.00 %
Where did you (ms) study Hebrew, Dan?				איפה למדְת עִבְרית, דן?
Rina, where did you (fs) learn Hebrew?				רינה, איפה למדְת עִבְרית?
Yosef, to whom did you (ms) write a letter?				יוסף, לְמי כּתבְת מיכְתב?
To whom did you (ms) write a letter, Yosef?				למי כּתבְת מיכתב, יוסף?
How did you (ms) know, Chaim?				אֵיךְ ידעְת, חיים?
How did you (fs) know, Ruth?				אֵיךְ ידעְת, רוּת?
What did she (fs) write?				מה היא כּתְבה?
Where did you (ms) live?				איפה גרְתָ?
Observations When the verb comes before the subject the reader has to look ahead in order to know how to read it. Obviously, when no vowel marks are written, then if the subject is mentioned at the beginning of the sentence and not after the verb, it's easier to decide how to read a form like כּתבְת (masculine or feminine?). The subject tells us whether the verb should be read as a masculine verb or a feminine verb.! Write in /t/ or /tah/ to indicate how you would pronounce the verb ending. אֵיפֹה למדְת עברית, רינה? Where did you learn Hebrew, Rina לְמי כּתבְת מיכְתב, דפְנה? To whom did you write a letter, Dafna כתבְת את הסֵפֶר, רינה? Did you write the book, Rina כתבְת את הסֵפֶר, דוד? Did you write the book, David 93
2.10.4 Fill in the Blanks - עבודה בקבוצות Using the Citation (base) form shown, write in the correct form of the verb for the pronoun given at the top of the lines. היא אני אתה את הוּא למד _________ _________ _________ _________ הוּא ידע _________ _________ _________ _________ הוּא כתב _________ _________ _________ _________ הוּא שכח _________ _________ _________ _________ הוּא גר _________ _________ _________ _________ Try filling in the blanks. There are three new words that follow the same vowel patterns you have learned. הוּא רץ היא _______________ הוּא גר אני _________ ברחוב אחד העם הוּא שמע את _____________ הוּא אכל אתה _________________ 2.11 Combining the one-word prepositions with the word "the" 94

2.11 Combining the one-word prepositions with the word "the"